Summary for Backend Research

General Backend Practices

Readable code: Use meaningful variable/function names. Use a consistent format and style of code. Keep functions small and focused.
Modular code: Use separation of concerns, do not have duplicate code.
Error handling: Log errors for debugging, have meaningful error messages, handle exceptions so that servers/website does not crash.
Input validation: Validate user input, type check. Sanitize inputs.
Document code: Cleanly document code. That is no unnecessary comments but proper documentation for functions and complex code blocks.
Expandable code: Code in a way that leaves space for future expansion, addition of features without changing existing code.
Tests: Write unit tests, write such that code passes linter tests.